The Drama                    

                       Drama is a literary composition involving conflict,action crisis and atmosphere designed to be actedby players on a stage before an audience. Definition of DramaDrama is defined by Aristotle as “a criticismof life, on a stage, with action, charactersand dialogue.” The Greek word for “deed” or“action” is dram. Drama is a composition in prose form that presents a story entirely told in dialogue and action and written with the intention of its eventual performance before an audience. Types of Drama Tragedy Comedy A type of drama in which the A type of drama in which the characters experience characters experience reversals reversals of fortune, usually of fortune, usually for the worse. for the better. Things work Catastrophe and suffering await out happily in the end. May be romantic - characterized many of the characters, by a tone of tolerance and especially the hero geniality - or satiric. Satiric works offer a darker vision of human nature, one that ridicules human follyTRAGICOMEDYTragicomedy is a play that does not adherestrictly to the structure of tragedy. This isusually serious play that also has some of thequalities of comedy. It arouses thought evenwith laughter.

               Types of drama Farce Melodrama A light dramatic work in which highly improbable A drama, such as a play, plot situations, exaggerated characters, film, or television program, and often slapstick events characterized by are used for humorous exaggerated emotions, effect. It is the situation stereotypical characters, here which provides the and interpersonal conflicts humor, not the cleverness of plot or lines, nor the absurdities of the characterTypes of DramaRomantic Melodrama Satire MelodramaAn extended fictional A literary work inprose narrative about which human vice orimprobable events folly is attacked through irony,involving characters derision, or wit. Athat are quite different literary mode based onfrom ordinary people. criticism of people and society through ridicule.

                                                                                                                           

                   Elements of DramaPLOT Plot is the form and structure of the action and the arrangement of incidents of a story or play. Plot is only that aspect of the story which takes place on stage and which is revealed to the audience through the dramatic actions and dialogue of the characters1. Natural Plot 2. Episodic Plot

                       CHARACTER

                                                  

                        A character is a person, animal or entity in a story, scene or play with specific, distinguishing attributes. The hopes and struggles of characters provide the principle material from which plots are made. Drama/theatre concerns itself with characters in action, and characters carry out the action of the plot. The protagonist is the main character in the plot who propels the action forward. The antagonist is the chief opponent to the protagonist. Related characters assist in the development of the plot and central characters. Three Major Characteristics of Drama1. It has a direct, immediate impact  Drama effectively commands the spectator’s attention  Advantage: The playwright’s power extends beyond words alone  Disadvantage: The materials one can use on stage are limited 3. The experience of watching a play is communal •Advantage: Impact is intensified. •Disadvantages: There is a need for brevity, swift movement of plot, and intermissionsSetting identifies the time and place inwhich the events occur. It consists of thehistorical period, the moment, day andseason in which the incidents take place.It also includes the sceneries in theperformance which are usually found inthe preliminary descriptions.

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                                      The Novel       

                      A   Novel  is  a  type  of  book.  like  most  new  art forms,  literary  and  otherwise,  it  is  difficult  object  to  define comprehensively,  but  most  typically  it  can  be  taken  to  be  a  long  piece  of  narrative  fiction.  written  prose,  historically turned   folk  tales,  myths,  hagiographies  and  epics,  is  now  being  used  to  tell  all  sorts  of  stories  about ourselves,  the  heavens,  and  everything  in  between.  it  may be  helpful  to  think  of  the  novel  as  a  loose  genre encompassing  all  those  mentioned  above,  but  also  one allows  for  stories  outside  the  realm  of  the  fantastical. Stories,  to  put  it  simply,  about  us.

                       The  qualifications  of  the  are  quite  porous.  we may  say  the  novel  must  contain  a  single  narrative,  ruling out  collections  of  short  stories,  but  the  novel  has  been known  to  break.  Out  of  this  restriction  in  countless  ways  We  may demand the  novel  be  fiction,  but  many  authors  have  woven  reality  and  history   into  their  novels  for  many  reasons.  We  may  ask  that  a  novel  be  a  prose  narrative,  but  novels  exists  that  contain  rhythmic  structure,  either interspersed  with  prose  text  or  in  lieu  of  it.  But  in  general  the  novel  is  a  book,  between  one  hundred  and  one  thousand  pages  long,  that  tells  a  single  story.

                   The  best  way  to  form  a  sense  of  what  the  novel  is  to  read  one.  Through  varied  exp

osure  to  novels  you  will begin  to  understand  the  shape  of  them,  the  thrust  of  their  ambitions.  You  will  forgive  indefinite  nature,  and  come  to  appreciate  the  surprises  offered  by  such  creative  freedom.

                                      

                                  Type of Novel        

  1.BILDUNGSROMAN

  2.THE CRIME NOVEL

  3.THE HISTORICAL NOVEL

  4.ROMANCE

  5.FANTASY

  6.SCIENCE FICTION

                                                                  

                 

                   

                                   HOW  TO  FIND  A  NOVEL

        

          Novel  are  available  in  almost  all  bookshops,  usually  filed  under  "fiction". Other  sections  of  the  bookshop  will  also  contain  novels,  including,  but  not  limited  to:  "Classics",  "Science  Fiction"  and  "Young Adult".  Many  novels  have  "A  Novel"  written  somewhere  on  the  book  cover,  but  this  is  by   no means  the  rule.  Use  the  clues  provided  in  this  document  to  help  find  the shelves  containing  novels;  usually  they  are  filed  together.  If  you  are  having  trouble  identifying  a  book,  just  ask  one  of  the  shopkeepers.  Most  people  working  in  bookshops  are  quite  familiar  with  novels.